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Waste Water Management:
Environmental Engineering is the need of today. Zanders believes in being efficient in the way resources are used, creating savings for our business and adding value for our customers. At Zanders Environmental Engineering division we continue to drive environmental best practice throughout all our operations. Waste to energy projects, Waste water treatment projects and consultancy for efficient management of energy.
Environmentally sound practices for the Management of Wastewater are one of the major issues that need to be addressed for maintaining the quality of Earth’s environment and for achieving sustainable development.
To attain a healthy environment, Wastewater has to be disposed of as permitted by a license under the Environmental Protection Act 1994, administered by the Environmental Protection Agency.
This usually means wastewater has to be treated or contaminants removed before it can be discharged to waterways.
Wastewater comprises liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial properties, industry, and/or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and concentrations. When untreated, Wastewater can have serious impacts on the quality of an environment and on the health of people. Some chemicals pose risks even at very low concentrations and can remain a threat for long periods of time because of bioaccumulation in animal or human tissue.
We at Zanders with our expertise in the field of waste water management will provide a healthy environment after treating water with highly advanced plants with adequate management.
Waste Water Management Services
1. Designing, Implementation, commissioning, and optimization of
- Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Based upon ASP, SAFF and FABB Wastewater Treatment Technology
- Effluent treatment Plant (ETP)
- Tube Settler
- Sand filter
- Activated Carbon Filter
2. Modification, Extension of Existing STP and ETP
3. Supply of Water purification system (RO)
4. Environmental Impact assessment Study (EIA) of Construction work
5. Laboratory services:
- Analysis of water, sewage and Industrial Effluent Sample
- Bacteriological Analysis of water for Drinking Purpose
- Air pollution Monitoring Services
- Assist various industries to set-up their own laboratory at site to monitor the Plant on day to day basis
- Provide Training course to various plant personnel regarding operation & maintenance of treatment plant
Solid Waste Management:
The humans have, ever since their inception on this planet used its resources to support life and in bargain produced waste. In early days the disposal of human and other wastes did not pose significant problems as the population was very small and the area of land available for the assimilation of such wastes was large. However, today, rapid population growth and uncontrolled industrial development are seriously degrading the urban and semi-urban environment in many of the world's developing countries, placing enormous strain on natural resources and undermining efficient and sustainable development.
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?
Any solid material in the material flow pattern that is rejected by society is called solid waste. Solid wastes arise from human and animal activities that are normally discarded as useless or unwanted. In other words, solid wastes may be defined as the organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society and which have lost their value to the first user. As the result of rapid increase in production and consumption, urban society rejects and generates solid material regularly which leads to considerable increase in the volume of waste generated from several sources such as, domestic wastes, commercial wastes, institutional wastes and industrial wastes of most diverse categories. Wastes that arise from a typical urban society comprises of garbage rubbish (package materials), construction and demolition wastes, leaf litter, hazardous wastes, etc.
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT?
Management of solid waste may be defined as that discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations. In its scope, solid waste management includes all administrative, financial, legal, planning, and engineering functions involved in the whole spectrum of solutions to problems of solid wastes thrust upon the community by its inhabitants.
WASTE DISPOSAL OPTIONS
Recycling & Reuse
The processes, by which materials otherwise destined for disposal are collected, reprocessed or remanufactured and are reused. The separation for recycling takes place at households, community bins, open dumps and even in final disposal yards.
Non-engineered disposal
This is the most common method of disposal in low-income countries, which have no control, or with only slight or moderate controls. They tend to remain for longer time and environmental degradation could be high, include mosquito, rodent and fly breeding, air, and water pollution, and degrading of the land.
Sanitary landfilling
Sanitary landfill is a fully engineered disposal option, which avoids harmful effects of uncontrolled dumping by spreading, compacting and covering the wasteland that has been carefully engineered before use. Through proper site selection, preparation and management, operators can minimize the effects of leachates (polluted water which flows from a landfill) and gas production both in the present and in the future. This option is suitable when the land is available at an affordable price. Human and technical resources available are to operate and manage the site.
Biogas
Biogas contains approximately 60:40 mixture of methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the anaerobic fermentation of cellulose biomass materials - simultaneously generating an enriched sludge fertilizer - with an energy content of 22.5 MJ/m3, clean gaseous fuel for cooking, for running engines for shaft and electrical power generation with little or no pollution.
Composting
Composting is a biological process of decomposition carried out under controlled conditions of ventilation, temperature, moisture and organisms in the waste themselves that convert waste into humus-like material by acting on the organic portion of the solid waste. If carried out effectively, the final product is stable, odor-free, does not attract flies and is a good soil conditioner. Composting is considered when biodegradable waste is available in considerable fraction in the waste stream and there is use or market for compost. Centralized composting plant for sector may only be undertaken if adequate skilled manpower and equipment are available, hence at household level and small level composting practices could be effective which needs the people's awareness.
Incineration
Incineration is the controlled burning of waste in a purpose built facility. The process sterilizes and stabilizes the waste. For most wastes, it will reduce its volume to less than a quarter of the original. Most of the combustible material is converted into carbon dioxide and ash. An extensive sample program conducted in India (Bhide and Sundaresan, 1984) reveals that most of the waste had a calorific value of just 3350 joules/g compared with 9200 joules/g in high income countries. Incineration may be used as a disposal option, only when landfilling is not possible and the waste composition is of high combustible (ie self-sustaining combustible matter which saves the energy needed to maintain the combustion) paper or plastics. It requires an appropriate technology, infrastructure, and skilled manpower to operate and maintain the plant. In Indian cities, Incineration is generally limited to hospital and other biological wastes and mostly others are either landfilled or dumped.
Gasification
Gasification is a flexible, reliable, and clean energy technology that can turn a variety of low-value feedstock into high-value products, help reduce our dependence on foreign oil and natural gas, and can provide a clean alternative source of baseload electricity, fertilizers, fuels, and chemicals.
It is a manufacturing process that converts any material containing carbon—such as coal, petroleum coke (petcoke), or biomass—into synthesis gas (syngas). The syngas can be burned to produce electricity or further processed to manufacture chemicals, fertilizers, liquid fuels, substitute natural gas (SNG), or hydrogen.
Gasification has been reliably used on a commercial scale worldwide for more than 50 years in the refining, fertilizer, and chemical industries, and for more than 35 years in the electric power industry.
GASIFICATION IS AN ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTION
The world is facing rapid growth in energy demand, persistently high energy prices, and a challenge to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power generation and manufacturing. No single technology or resource can solve the problem, but gasification can be part of the solution along with renewable power sources such as wind and energy efficiency programs.
Gasification can enhance the world energy portfolio while creating fewer air emissions, using less water, and generating less waste than most traditional energy technologies. Whether used for power generation, for production of substitute natural gas, or for production of a large number of energy intensive products, gasification has significant environmental benefits over conventional technologies.
Gasification: Environmental Benefits
- Gasification plants produce significantly lower quantities of criteria air pollutants.
- Gasification can reduce the environmental impact of waste disposal because it can use waste products as feedstock—generating valuable products from materials that would otherwise be disposed as wastes.
- Gasification's byproducts are non-hazardous and are readily marketable.
- Gasification plants use significantly less water than traditional coal-based power generation, and can be designed so they recycle their process water, discharging none into the surrounding environment.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) can be captured from an industrial gasification plant using commercially proven technologies.
- Gasification offers the cleanest, most efficient means of producing electricity from coal and the lowest cost option for capturing CO2 from power generation, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.
TURN W2E GASIFICATION
There are many carbonaceous materials that are suitable for gasification. These include wood, paper, peat, lignite, coal, including coke derived from coal, saw-dust and agro-residues. All of these solid fuels are composed primarily of carbon with varying amounts of hydrogen, oxygen, and impurities, such as sulfur, ash, and moisture. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is also a good candidate for gasification; however, it poses a special challenge for waste processors, due its non-homogenous characteristics, high moisture content and unpredictable calorific value.
Our Joint Venture partners, W2E USA Inc. have overcome this challenge by designing a unique gasifier. Thus, the TurnW2E™ gasification process presents a new and better method for the treatment of non-homogenous waste streams. Gasification is fast becoming a favored technology for recovering energy from MSW and other solid wastes, and the TurnW2E™ system stands ready to provide this service to the industry.
W2E USA Inc & ZANDERS Joint Venture
The Joint venture between W2E USA Inc. & Zanders Engineers Limited seeks to provide the following environment friendly methods of waste disposal:
- Waste to Energy Plants for Industrial and Municipal waste.
- Waste to Hydrogen Plants.
- Extraction of energy from animal/human/agricultural waste.
- Extraction of energy from low quality Coal.
We welcome all interested parties to join us in saving our planet! |
